Topic A: Automation in Latin America
Hi all,
Hope you're excited for BMUN LXVII!!
For the first topic, there are countries and regions that stand out as obvious candidates for development through automation; more wealthy countries. However, I hope that the topic synopsis illustrates that these certainly won't be the only countries affected.
One region that will be affected much more than it might appear on the surface is Latin America. One shocking statistic is that a higher proportion of workers in some Latin American countries are actually susceptible to replacement by automation than workers in the United States. Some Latin American countries, like European countries and the United States, have been experiencing stagnant productivity growth and seen populations aging, making them some of the most likely to develop and benefit through automation- if the right systems are in place.
I'll leave a link to a great article about this at the bottom of the post. What I really love about this article is that it tries to make comparisons to other world countries, showing that these trends are far more universal than regional.
For Latin American countries, what should be prioritized? Development through automation or protection for workers who might be replaced?
What would be strategies to implement automation in Latin American countries that lack some of the infrastructure of more developed nations?
And for delegates representing non-Latin American countries, how does their situation resemble and differ from the situation in your country in regards to automation?
Any questions or comments? Feel free to comment below.
Link: https://www.cfr.org/blog/automation-changing-latin-america-too
Hope you're excited for BMUN LXVII!!
For the first topic, there are countries and regions that stand out as obvious candidates for development through automation; more wealthy countries. However, I hope that the topic synopsis illustrates that these certainly won't be the only countries affected.
One region that will be affected much more than it might appear on the surface is Latin America. One shocking statistic is that a higher proportion of workers in some Latin American countries are actually susceptible to replacement by automation than workers in the United States. Some Latin American countries, like European countries and the United States, have been experiencing stagnant productivity growth and seen populations aging, making them some of the most likely to develop and benefit through automation- if the right systems are in place.
I'll leave a link to a great article about this at the bottom of the post. What I really love about this article is that it tries to make comparisons to other world countries, showing that these trends are far more universal than regional.
For Latin American countries, what should be prioritized? Development through automation or protection for workers who might be replaced?
What would be strategies to implement automation in Latin American countries that lack some of the infrastructure of more developed nations?
And for delegates representing non-Latin American countries, how does their situation resemble and differ from the situation in your country in regards to automation?
Any questions or comments? Feel free to comment below.
Link: https://www.cfr.org/blog/automation-changing-latin-america-too
Country: United Kingdom
ReplyDeleteIn Latin America, countries are less susceptible to automation job loss, according to the McKinsey report. In a sense, these nations stand somewhat alone in their regions economically, not being as affected by the major economic shifts of the last two decades, notably the recession of 2008, when many Latin American nations did not feel the same pain as their more developed counterparts in North America. These nations economies have been steadier in some times of crisis, however, this stability has not translated into prosperity for their people, with poverty, informal employment, and poor education remaining central issues in the region. In education specifically, a gap widened between skills learned in school and skills demanded in the private sector. It is in this gap that the issue of unemployment and automation can be addressed, at least in part. School curriculums must be changed to match, or at least reflect in part, the needs of the private sector, where they now conflict. In conjunction with the McKinsey report, safety nets should be prioritized in these areas as well. The United Kingdom sees a similar problem within its borders, with skills in education and demand from the private sector failing to overlap sufficiently, which has prompted a push for greater technological education. For these reasons, the gaps between private employment and public education must be addressed.
Source: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Competitiveness_Lab_Latin_America_15.pdf
The delegation of Malaysia agrees with your points. While we believe in a dualistic approach (as explained below), the delegation of Malaysia reaffirms your commitment to safety nets, especially in regards to the gap between private employment and public education. Malaysia also believes this is an important sector to be considered, and as such our New Economic Policy (NEP) and National Vision Policy (NVP) have focused on resolving the labor crisis early in the lives of Malaysian workers. For example, under the NVP, a 10 year policy proposal to reform labor, the Malaysian Education Blueprint (2015-2025) (MEB) seeks to increase access to education and increase tertiary education enrollment to 53% by 2025. The MEB further promotes TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training) pathways to develop skilled talent. Malaysia believes these policies will help resolve the gap between private employment and public education. We eagerly await your ideas to address this complex issue together in committee!
DeleteCountry: Czech Republic
ReplyDeleteIn a region seeing large amounts of economic growth already, it is important for Latin Anerican nations to further automize their manufacturing industry. Yes, this certainly puts jobs at risks, but with the help this will give to economies, it offers “wiggle room,” for governments to provide better education to their citizens. To account for employment loss, governments can educate citizens about the field of technology, a field that is already fast-growing. With automation of the manufacturing industry, it would only grow faster, and the government could provide jobs in that field to make up for job loss. Overall, automated supply chains are more effective and can help to bolster economies, so this is how governments can ensure that the labor rights of their citizens are protected.
While Malaysia prefers a dualistic approach, as explained below, the delegation of Malaysia would like to express its support for your plan to push forward automation. Malaysia recognizes the effectiveness of automated supply chains and the implementation of Artificial Intelligence, which will create a global productivity increase of 1.4%. The delegation of Malaysia would like to further propose the implementation of initiatives designed to promote education and Information and Communication Technologies. These initiatives, such as Peru's National Digital Literacy Plan of 2012 (which trains every citizen in the usage of computers and mobile devices), as well as Argentina’s National Agency for Promotion of Science and Technology (FONTAR) (a technological fund intended to finance private sector tech innovation), have led to increases in employment rates upwards of 15%. Malaysia believes we can jointly resolve this issue in committee!
DeleteThe delegation of Malaysia believes that for Latin American Countries, and for all nations as a whole, both automation implementation and worker protection can be pushed forward at the same time. This dualistic approach comes from studies showing how technology can increase the GDP of many nations, and can boost Mexico’s GDP by $82 billion - $144 billion per year by 2025, Brazil’s GDP $125 billion - $205 billion, and the US’s GDP $1.6 trillion - $2.2 trillion; consequently, the GDP increase would lead to a decrease in the unemployment rate and an increase in the number of available jobs.
ReplyDeleteCurrently, Latin American Countries suffer from Stringent regulation and weak performance due to restrictive labor rules and sector-specific regulations (a form of soft infrastructure). The High Social taxes and stringent job security laws make firing employees difficult, which leads to employers bing reluctant to hire and increases an informal labor market. Thus, regulations are needed to reduce cost of formal employment for both employers and employees (for example, by lowering labor taxes) and raise the risks of noncompliance (which would be done through better monitoring systems and the prosecution of informal operations). Furthermore, the implementation of online talent platforms can help make labor markets efficient and transparent, which will help accelerate job searches, lower unemployment rates, and increase productivity. Finally, Latin Anerica needs educational reform in order to allow for the implementation of automation, even in nations that lack infrastructure. Initatives such as Generation (founded by USAID, Walmart Foundation, and McKinsey) make education to employment a continuous journey. To ensure success, Generation implements 3 core principles: improved data collection and dissemination, sector-wide collaboration, and the creation of an education-to-employment “system integrator” that coordinates, catalyzes, and monitors activity across sectors and stakeholders. As a result, participants tend to see their income multiply 2 to 6 times, and 83% of all participants are employed within the first 90 days of program completion.
Malaysia has also had issues with the implementation of automation due to lack of infrastructure. Malaysia has had rapid and prolonged growth, and as such, the construction industry’s demand for labor couldn’t match local labor supply and thus turned towards foreign labor, creating a foreign labor dependency. However, Malaysia has successfully implemented consturction automation and robotics to decrease labor intensive work processes and reduce foreign dependency; the automation creates a long-term measure for sustainable growth. For example, the implementation of the IBS (Industrialized Building System) in construction sector has led to a reduction of unskilled workers and improved cleanliness, creating Malaysia’s LRT (Light Rail Transit) and allowing for more major programs to be launched and implemented within the next 10 years under Malaysia’s ETP (Economic Transformation Program). Furthermore, the use of Social Infrastructure Projects (SIPs) (which include both hard (hospitals, schools, halls) and soft (social security, education) infrastructure) in construction management helped enhance economic productivity. While developing nations face a lack of sufficient physical and social infrastructure to sustain economic growth, Malaysia has successfully implemented these policies and to bypass infrastructural issues and overcome the labor crisis.
Finally, Malaysia just has one question, and we would like the input of other nations to help answer it. What solutions can be implemented alongside economic reforms to combat infrastructural shortcomings?
We look forward to creating a comprehensive resolution at BMUN!
Country: Belgium
DeleteGreetings Delegation of Malaysia,
The delegation of Belgium agrees with your emphasis on the importance of education and how education will play a vital role in both the prevention and recovery of job loss. Belgium, in a counterintuitive, actually calls for the creation of more robots. Countries that implement our protocol of creating more robots will benefit in the long-term because more of a country's workforce would be forced to migrate to high-skill jobs that require proper education and in most countries; the government provides upper-education (colleges, universities, specialty schools, etc.). From a day the plan is implemented to years later when the United Nations looks back at its success, governments will prosper from our solution. As well as this, Belgium calls for a solution that calls for an increase and diversification in the funding for lifetime learning. Belgium believes that education is a critical component in mitigating the labor crisis. Belgium calls for the creation of free schools paid for by the government, where civilians can diversify their skill-set. Apprenticeship programs will be open for anyone seeking to expand their skills looking to accomplish the school to work transition. Employers also have a crucial role to play in both workplace learning and quality apprenticeship training. The use of apprenticeship programs and free-schools will help to ensure that young people are equipped with relevant skills. Belgium believes that by providing inclusive and quality education for all, as outlined in Goal #4 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as early childhood pre-school education and universal compulsory education, we will be able to lay the foundation for lifelong learning, social mobility and social inclusiveness in the workplace in the future. Thank you, we look forward to fruitful discussion during committee.
When taking into account the large threat of technological displacement due to automation, specifically in Latin America, the delegation of France recognizes the chair’s emphasis on infrastructural development in highly affected areas. Currently near the top of Europe’s technological sector, France has worked to master the challenge of infrastructural development when implementing new technological innovations for the protection of workers. Specifically, France hopes to utilize innovations that are geared towards enforcing already in-place labor standards through the development of computer programs that would work to collect data on any previously damaged or newly constructed infrastructure and assess conditions to determine how to make improvements in the process of rebuilding and re establishing automotive infrastructure. France believes that countries within Latin America and others facing similar issues should prioritize the social security of workers at risk of being displaced by unions and the implementation of new infrastructure specifically aimed at improving the productiveness of real laborers, therefore boosting efficiency without depleting working economies. In the event of displacement due to automation, France itself has French companies take on obligations to provide compensation for displaced workers and cooperate with individuals to identify other potential employment opportunities that match their qualifications.
ReplyDelete-France
Country: Venezuela
ReplyDeleteBeing a Latin American country, Venezuela has similar struggles that other developing countries in the region have. Venezuela’s economy significantly consists of agriculture and manufacturing, which makes technology plausible to help increase productivity. Being employed in Venezuela is difficult as there is always a risk of becoming unemployed and most if not all working-class residents are underpaid and struggle to thrive. Venezuela could benefit development through automation but needs to emphasize protection for workers who might be replaced. Even if innovative technology was to be brought in to the nation, it is likely that the technology would replace employees who are without protection.
There are various strategies which could be used to implement automation in Latin American countries that lack some of the infrastructures of more developed countries. Being a developing country that is ridden with corruption, Venezuela can only solve many of their issues with global support. Many other Latin and Central American countries have previously voiced the need for comprehensive support to push development when it comes to labor, and Venezuela wholeheartedly agrees with this. The issue, in this case, is funding and execution. This is why Venezuela would need help from NGOs for funding, bringing in technology, and for building infrastructure which supports technology. Our committee needs to take action, and the action which is made needs to be able to support developing countries who cannot support themselves.
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